- My investment portfolio is mainly focused on Asia, which is very similar to Singapore's three major local banks.
- My CDP portfolio covers approximately 100 listed companies on the Singapore Exchange (SGX), and so far, no single security exceeds 10% of my entire CDP portfolio, making it highly diversified with low risk.
- Cash + SSB (Singapore Savings Bond) will always maintain no less than 10% in my portfolio.
- When the market is down and my portfolio shrinks sharply, the SSB+Cash weighting automatically adjusts to close to 20%. When my portfolio expands rapidly, the SSB+Cash weighting automatically adjusts to close to 10%.
- In other words, when the portfolio size is shrinking, SSB or Cash can be injected into the shrinking assets. When the portfolio size expands, assets can be sold off to maintain a minimum 10% (Cash + SSB).
- You will find that once the passive income engine is built, you can feel it breathing at all times, it will expand, and it will also contract. It frees me from predicting the market, I can simply stay on the track set by the system.
- I view my investment portfolio not as a collection of individual assets, but as an interconnected financial system in which each component has a specific role, interacts with the others, and contributes to the overall stability of the system.
- My CDP average dividend yield for the year 2025 was 7.33%. The entire portfolio achieved a return of 5.61% in 2025 based on my typical formula.
- As an ordinary Singaporean, it took me a total of 25 years of working to accumulate enough savings to achieve financial freedom without having to purchase any private insurance premium.
- I officially retired on March 1, 2024 (age 57).
- Besides CPF life which is only allowed to be used after the age of 65, the investment portfolio actually provides me with protection against inflation and basic living needs.
- My investment portfolio is a practical application of systems thinking. The pie chart above visualizes its structure and was created using Python's Matplotlib in VS Code.
Generally speaking, I'm not a risk-taker. I tend to choose decisions with clearly defined and controllable risks, carefully designing my life to keep those risks within manageable limits, and ensuring they are clearly visible and repeatable. The systems I build are designed to control and manage risk, making it bearable.
I’m not trying to predict the market. I rebalance when my cash buffer falls below a set range, gradually reducing positions and simplifying the portfolio. Resilience is not about predicting the future, but about designing a system that survives it.
I generally aim to keep cash and Singapore Savings Bonds between 11% and 19% of my portfolio as a stability buffer. Within CYSM, capital is not designed to maximize wealth indefinitely, but to secure the conditions for long-term autonomy. Beyond a certain point, additional accumulation contributes little to life-system stability, while unnecessary risk may weaken it.
The portfolio is designed as a cash-flow-oriented retirement system. A significant proportion of its income is ultimately linked to the rental and operating cash flows generated by Asia's real estate and infrastructure assets. In this sense, it resembles a system that collects recurring "tolls" from the region's economic activity—not literally, but as a metaphor for participating in long-term productive assets.
The defining characteristics of my portfolio are stable cash flow, self-regulating risk management, and long-term protection of capital against inflation. As a result, my financial system is designed to remain operational even during periods of severe market stress.
I learned how to invest properly through the CPF Investment Scheme (CPFIS). Without CPFIS, I probably wouldn’t have the portfolio I have today. In many ways, my entire investment system actually grew out of the CPFIS framework.
The CPF Investment Scheme also helped me develop a disciplined investment strategy and, more importantly, kept me away from investment scams.
My systems thinking did not come from a specific course or a particular book. It began to take shape during my studies in Electronic and Computer Engineering at Ngee Ann Polytechnic and was gradually developed through years of engineering practice and real-world experience.
I did not deliberately set out to develop a systems-thinking framework. It emerged organically through continued observation, operation, and feedback. Organic emergence requires two conditions: sufficient stability and sufficient time. Stability allows the system to keep running; time allows the underlying pattern to reveal itself.
But stability is not only financial or physical. It also depends on the environment in which the system operates. The people we share our daily lives with can either reduce system noise or continuously introduce instability. Persistent interpersonal conflict, emotional noise, complaints, and daily friction can gradually consume cognitive and emotional capacity, making it harder for the system to remain stable enough for deeper patterns to emerge.
Stability → allows continuous operation → Time → reveals patterns → Emergence.
Stability is not merely the absence of crisis. It is the presence of enough order and continuity for a system to operate naturally and for underlying patterns to emerge.
My investment portfolio was not designed from a specific financial theory, nor as a systems-thinking exercise. It emerged organically as a practical application of systems thinking that developed gradually through years of observation, operation, feedback, and time under real-world constraints.
The “Investment Application” stage reflects my self‑directed portfolio management practices as an ordinary Singaporean investor, not a professional finance career. Together with technical education and engineering practice, these personal applications converged into the Fusion Point of the CYSM Framework.
The “Investment Application” stage reflects my self‑directed portfolio management practices as an ordinary Singaporean investor, not a professional finance career. Together with technical education and engineering practice, these personal applications converged into the Fusion Point of the CYSM Framework.







